Freeze-Thaw Cycles
Sioux City experiences extensive freeze-thaw cycling from November through March, with the most damaging cycles occurring during transitional periods when temperatures oscillate above and below 32°F daily. Water trapped in masonry pores and concrete cracks expands approximately 9% when it freezes — creating progressive microcracking, surface scaling, and mortar joint deterioration that compounds each winter.
“The freeze thaw cycle damages masonry by trapping water in its pores, which expands by approximately 9% when it freezes. That 9% expansion exerts immense pressure that cracks and weakens brick, stone and mortar.”
— Dylan Reynolds, Project Manager, RSI